Малайзия

Methodology:R&D intensity: Research and development expenditure, as % GDP.Manufacturing value-added: MVA, as GDP and per capita.Productivity: GDP per employed person age 15-F and 3V improvement.High-tech density: Number of domestically domiciled high-tech public companies — such as aerospace and defense, biotechnology, hardware, software, semiconductors, Internet software and services, and renewable energy companies — as % of domestic publicly listed companies and as a share of world's total public high-tech companies.Tertiary efficiency: Tertiary efficiency: Total enrollment in tertiary education, regardless of age, as % the post-secondary cohort; % labor force with tertiary degrees; annual new science and engineering graduates as % total tertiary graduates and as % of the labor force.Researcher concentration: Professionals, including postgraduate Ph.D, students, engaged in R&D per million population.Patent activity: Resident patent filings per million population and per $100 billion GDP; Patent grants as a snare of world total. All metrics are equally weighted. Metrics consisting of multiple factors were rescaled for countries void of some but not all data points, All sub-metrics were weighted equally. Most recent data available were used. Of the more than 200 economies evaluated, 84 had data available for at least six of the seven factors, and were ranked. Top 50 and the metric ranks among them are displayed,Sources: Bloomberg, International Monetary Fund, World sank, Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development. World Intellectual Property Organization, United Nations

The Global Innovation Index (GII) aims to capture the multi-dimensional facets of innovation and provide the tools that can assist in tailoring policies to promote long-term output growth, improved productivity, and job growth. The GII helps to create an environment in which innovation factors are continually evaluated. It provides a key tool and a rich database of detailed metrics for 141 economies this year, which represent 95.1% of the world’s population and 98.6% of global GDP.

The IPP.Stat is the statistics portal of the Innovation Policy Platform containing the main available indicators relevant to a country’s innovation performance. In addition to the traditional indicators used to monitor innovation, the range of the coverage to be found in the IPP.Stat calls for the inclusion of indicators from other domains that describe the broader national and international context in which innovation occurs. Indicators are sourced primarily from the OECD and the World Bank, as well as from other sources of comparable quality. The statistics portal is still under development.

The OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook reviews key trends in STI policies and performance in OECD countries and major emerging economies. It is published every two years and draws on a unique international policy survey conducted by the OECD - with more than 45 countries involved in 2014 - and the latest OECD work on STI policy analysis and measurement. Following an overview of the recent STI global landscape, key current policy issues are discussed across a series of thematic policy profiles. Country profiles report the STI performance of individual countries and the most recent national policy developments.

Data collected from table 4-16,4-18

Data collected from table 5-55 to 5-57

Data collected from table 5-25 to 5-54, 5-58

The UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) is the statistical office of UNESCO and is the UN depository for global statistics in the fields of education, science and technology, culture and communication. The UIS was established in 1999. It was created to improve UNESCO’s statistical programme and to develop and deliver the timely, accurate and policy-relevant statistics needed in today’s increasingly complex and rapidly changing social, political and economic environments. The UIS is based in Montreal, Canada. The dataset contains over 1,000 types of indicators and raw data on education, literacy, science and technology, culture and communication. The UIS collects the data for more than 200 countries and territories from Member States and international organizations.

1. USPTO:- U.S. Patent and Trademark Office 2. IPC:- International Patent Classification 3. Patents are fractionally allocated among regions/countries/economies based on the proportion of residences of all named inventors 4. The EU includes 28 member countries and China includes Hong Kong. 5. Patents are classified under the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) classification of patents 6.Data collected from table 6-36 to 6-50, 6-65 to 6-79

The primary World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially-recognized international sources. It presents the most current and accurate global development data available, and includes national, regional and global estimates.