The dataset 'Material flow accounts in raw material equivalents - modelling estimates (env_ac_rme)' provides model-based estimates, for the aggregate EU economy only, of material flow accounts overcoming limitations of the dataset ´Material flow accounts' (env_ac_mfa), also referred to as economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA). Material flow accounts in raw material equivalents (RME) are an extension of the standard economy-wide material flow accounts. EW-MFA present the flows of natural resources (minerals, metal ores, biomass, fossil energy materials) from the environment into the economy. In the EW-MFA domestic extraction is measured in tonnes of gross ore (or gross harvest) whereas imports and exports are measured in mass weight of the products as they cross country borders. For the derived indicators this implies that they combine data with different underlying measurement concepts. The RME dataset (env_ac_rme) overcomes this drawback by replacing the material trade flows in mass weight by estimates of the raw material equivalents of the products traded, i.e. how much extraction was needed to produce the traded products. The RME dataset (env_ac_rme) includes: a) 'actual' domestic material extractions, directly taken from the EW-MFA dataset (env_ac_mfa), b) estimates of the imports and exports in raw material equivalents (RME) c) derived indicators, namely Raw Material Input (RMI) and Raw Material Consumption (RMC), see also Section 3.2 below.